Indian Diaspora in Malaysia
Why so many Indians in Malaysia
The presence of a significant Indian community in Malaysia can be attributed to a complex history of migration and colonization.
The Indian diaspora in Malaysia has deep historical roots that span centuries, and several factors have contributed to their presence in the country.
Here, we'll explore many issues including historical context and reasons behind the substantial Indian population in Malaysia.
Early Migration:
Indian migration to the Malay Peninsula can be traced back to ancient times.
Indian traders and merchants had established contact with the Malay archipelago as early as the 1st century CE.
They engaged in trade and commerce, contributing to cultural and economic exchanges between India and the Malay world.
Colonial Era:
One of the most significant factors contributing to the Indian population in Malaysia was British colonialism.
The British established their presence in Malaysia during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Indian laborers were brought to Malaysia to work on various colonial projects, including the construction of railways, roads, and plantations.
The indentured labor system, akin to the one in other parts of the British Empire (like the Caribbean and Fiji), led to the migration of a substantial number of Indians to Malaysia.
These laborers came from various regions of India, including South India and the Indian subcontinent, and were mainly Tamil, Telugu, Malayalee, and Sikh communities.
After their contracts ended, some laborers chose to settle in Malaysia, leading to the establishment of Indian communities.
Economic Opportunities:
Malaysia continued to attract Indian migrants throughout the 20th century due to economic opportunities.
Many Indians moved to Malaysia in search of better job prospects and improved living standards.
This migration trend continued well into the post-independence era.
Cultural and Religious Ties:
The Indian community in Malaysia has also grown due to the preservation of cultural and religious ties with India.
Temples, mosques, and gurdwaras were established to serve the spiritual needs of the Indian communities.
These cultural and religious institutions played a crucial role in maintaining a connection with India and fostering a sense of belonging among the Indian diaspora in Malaysia.
Intermarriage and Integration:
Over the decades, there has been significant intermarriage between Indian Malaysians and other ethnic groups in Malaysia, including Malays and Chinese.
This has led to a culturally diverse population with mixed heritage.
Government Policies:
Malaysia has historically been open to immigration, and the government has policies that promote multiculturalism and diversity.
This has allowed the Indian community to flourish and integrate into Malaysian society.
Education and Skilled Migration:
In recent years, there has been an increase in Indian professionals, particularly in fields like information technology and medicine, migrating to Malaysia for work or educational opportunities.
This has further contributed to the Indian diaspora in the country.
Thus, the presence of a substantial Indian community in Malaysia is the result of a long history of migration, colonialism, economic opportunities, cultural and religious ties, and government policies.
Today, Malaysia's Indian community is a vibrant and integral part of the nation's multicultural fabric, contributing to its diversity and prosperity.
How many Indians live in Malaysia
Malaysia had a significant Indian population, but it's important to note that demographic figures can change over time due to various factors such as birth rates, migration, and government policies.
According to the 2020 data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the ethnic composition of the population was as follows:
Malays: Approximately 69.1%Chinese: Approximately 23.0%Indians: Approximately 6.9%Other ethnicities: Approximately 1.0%
These figures are approximate and can vary slightly based on different sources and methodologies for data collection.
Additionally, the Indian population in Malaysia consists of various subgroups, including Tamil, Telugu, Malayalee, Sikh, and others, contributing to the rich diversity of the Indian community in the country.
Consultation with latest data from official sources such as the Department of Statistics Malaysia or other relevant government agencies or reports can provide the most up-to-date and accurate demographic information about Malaysia.
Demographic figures can change over time, so it's important to rely on current and official data for the most accurate information.
Origin of Indians living in Malaysia
The Indians living in Malaysia come from various regions and ethnic backgrounds in India.
The Indian community in Malaysia is ethnically diverse, and its members trace their ancestry to different parts of the Indian subcontinent.
Here are some of the major ethnic and regional origins of Indians living in Malaysia:
Tamil Indians: Tamil Indians form a significant portion of the Indian community in Malaysia. They are primarily descendants of Tamil-speaking people from the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Indians have a strong cultural presence in Malaysia, including the preservation of their language, traditions, and religious practices.
Telugu Indians: Telugu-speaking Indians, primarily from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, have also contributed to Malaysia's Indian community.
They have their own cultural practices and traditions.
Malayalee Indians: Malayalee Indians hail from the southwestern Indian state of Kerala.
They have a distinct cultural identity and have made significant contributions to various fields in Malaysia, including education and healthcare.
Punjabi and Sikh Indians: The Punjabi and Sikh communities in Malaysia have their roots in the northern Indian state of Punjab.
They are known for their strong Sikh religious identity and have made notable contributions in areas such as agriculture and commerce.
Bengali Indians: Some Indians in Malaysia are of Bengali origin, tracing their roots to the eastern Indian state of West Bengal.
They have contributed to Malaysia's cultural diversity and often participate in cultural events and festivals.
Other Indian States: Malaysia's Indian population is not limited to the above-mentioned groups. It includes individuals from various other Indian states and regions, each with their own languages, traditions, and customs.
Indian community in Malaysia is not monolithic but rather a diverse tapestry of cultures and traditions.
Over the years, these different Indian ethnic groups have integrated into Malaysian society while also preserving their unique heritage.
The Indian community has played a vital role in the cultural, social, and economic life of Malaysia, contributing to the nation's rich multicultural fabric.
Religions of Indians living in Malaysia
The Indian community in Malaysia practices a variety of religions, reflecting the religious diversity of India itself.
The major religions among Indians living in Malaysia include:
Hinduism: Hinduism is one of the prominent religions among the Indian community in Malaysia.
Many Indians in Malaysia are followers of Hinduism, and they have established numerous temples across the country.
The Batu Caves in Kuala Lumpur, with its iconic temple complex, is one of the most famous Hindu religious sites in Malaysia.
Thaipusam, a Hindu festival, is celebrated with great fervor in Malaysia.
Islam: A significant portion of the Indian community in Malaysia has embraced Islam, often through conversion or intermarriage with Malay Muslims.
These Indian Muslims are an integral part of the larger Muslim community in Malaysia and practice Islam as their faith.
Sikhism: Malaysia has a notable Sikh community, primarily composed of descendants of Punjabi Sikhs who migrated to the country during the British colonial era.
Sikh temples, known as Gurdwaras, are present in various parts of Malaysia, serving as religious and community centers for the Sikh population.
Christianity: Some Indians in Malaysia are Christians, either through conversion or because their ancestors practiced Christianity.
The Christian Indian community in Malaysia includes various denominations, such as Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox Christians.
Buddhism: While Buddhism is more commonly associated with the Malaysian Chinese community, there are also Indian Malaysians who practice Buddhism, particularly those of Tamil and Sri Lankan descent.
Other Religions: Apart from the major religions mentioned above, there are Indians in Malaysia who follow other faiths or have diverse religious beliefs.
Malaysia's religious diversity extends to the Indian community, with individuals practicing Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and other lesser-known faiths.
Malaysia is a multi-religious and multicultural country, and religious freedom is protected by the Malaysian constitution.
Therefore, individuals in Malaysia have the right to practice the religion of their choice.
The coexistence of various religions within the Indian community, as well as in the broader Malaysian society, contributes to the country's cultural and religious diversity.
Professions of Indians living in Malaysia
The Indian community in Malaysia is diverse and engaged in a wide range of professions and occupations, contributing significantly to the country's economy and cultural landscape.
Here are some of the common professions and occupations that Indians living in Malaysia are involved in:
Labor and Construction: Historically, a significant number of Indians migrated to Malaysia as laborers during the colonial era.
While many have diversified into other professions, there is still a presence of Indian workers in sectors like construction, agriculture, and manual labor.
Business and Entrepreneurship: Many Indians in Malaysia are entrepreneurs and business owners. They are involved in various businesses, including retail, manufacturing, and small enterprises.
The Indian business community has made substantial contributions to Malaysia's economy.
Information Technology (IT) and Engineering: In recent years, there has been a notable increase in Indians working in the IT and engineering sectors.
Indian professionals in Malaysia are involved in software development, information technology services, and engineering roles.
Healthcare: The Indian community has a significant presence in Malaysia's healthcare sector.
Many Indian Malaysians are doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals, contributing to the country's healthcare services.
Education: Indians in Malaysia are actively engaged in the education sector, both as teachers and administrators.
They work in schools, colleges, and universities, contributing to the country's educational development.
Legal and Financial Services: Some Indian Malaysians are lawyers, accountants, and financial consultants, providing legal and financial services to individuals and businesses.
Government and Civil Service: There are Indians serving in various government and civil service positions, including the police force, administrative roles, and diplomatic services.
Entertainment and Arts: The Indian community in Malaysia has a vibrant presence in the entertainment and arts sectors.
There are Indian Malaysians involved in acting, music, dance, and other forms of creative expression.
Transportation and Logistics: Some Indians are engaged in transportation and logistics, working as drivers, warehouse managers, and in related roles.
Retail and Hospitality: The retail and hospitality sectors in Malaysia have Indian Malaysians working in positions such as hotel management, restaurant ownership, and retail store management.
Religious Leadership: Indian Malaysians also serve as religious leaders and priests in Hindu temples, Sikh Gurdwaras, and other places of worship.
Community and Social Work: Many individuals from the Indian community are involved in community and social work, including charity organizations and NGOs, aiming to support various causes and address social issues.
Indian community in Malaysia is highly diverse, representing various ethnic backgrounds and regions of India.
Therefore, the professions and occupations within the community are diverse as well, reflecting the wide range of skills and expertise present among Indian Malaysians.
Names of Famous Indians of Malaysia
The Indian community in Malaysia has produced several notable individuals who have made significant contributions to various fields, including politics, business, arts, and sports.
Here are some names of famous Indians of Malaysian origin:
Tun V.T. Sambanthan: A prominent figure in Malaysian politics, Tun V.T. Sambanthan was a leader in the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC).
He played a crucial role in advocating for the rights of the Indian community in Malaysia during the country's early years of independence.
P. Ramlee: P. Ramlee was a legendary Malaysian actor, director, and musician of Indian descent.
He is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Malaysian cinema and music.
Tan Sri Tony Fernandes: Tony Fernandes is the co-founder of AirAsia, a highly successful low-cost airline based in Malaysia.
He has been a key player in the aviation industry and is known for his entrepreneurial achievements.
S. Samy Vellu: S. Samy Vellu is a prominent Malaysian Indian politician who led the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) for many years.
He has held several ministerial positions in the Malaysian government and was a significant voice for the Indian community.
Datuk K. Pathmanaban: Known as the "Father of Malaysian Indian Football," Pathmanaban has made significant contributions to Malaysian football as a player, coach, and administrator.
Datuk Seri G. Palanivel: A veteran politician, G. Palanivel has held various positions in Malaysian politics, including serving as a minister in the Malaysian government.
Dr. Jeyakumar Devaraj: Dr. Jeyakumar Devaraj is a medical doctor and a member of the Malaysian Parliament.
He is known for his advocacy on social and economic issues.
Nicol David: Nicol David is a retired Malaysian squash player and one of the most successful female squash players in history.
She held the world No. 1 ranking for a record-breaking 109 consecutive months.
Datuk Ambiga Sreenevasan: Ambiga Sreenevasan is a lawyer and human rights activist known for her role in organizing the Bersih rallies, which called for electoral reform in Malaysia.
Suresh Kalmadi: Suresh Kalmadi, of Indian-Malaysian origin, is a prominent sports administrator.
Although he is not from Malaysia, he is known for his involvement in sports organizations, including the Indian Olympic Association.
These individuals have made a lasting impact in their respective fields and have contributed to the cultural, political, and economic development of Malaysia.
Their achievements serve as a testament to the diversity and talent within the Indian diaspora in Malaysia.
How much an Indian Labour earn in Malaysia
The earnings of Indian laborers in Malaysia can vary widely depending on several factors, including the type of work they are engaged in, their skill level, location within Malaysia, and the terms of their employment contracts.
Here are some key points to consider regarding the earnings of Indian laborers in Malaysia:
Type of Work: The type of work plays a significant role in determining earnings.
Laborers engaged in skilled trades or professions such as construction, manufacturing, or IT may earn more than those in unskilled or manual labor positions.
Skill Level: Skilled laborers, such as electricians, plumbers, and technicians, generally earn more than unskilled laborers. The skill level and experience of the worker can impact their wages.
Location: Earnings can also vary by location within Malaysia. Urban areas, particularly the capital city of Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding regions, tend to offer higher wages compared to rural areas.
Employment Terms: The terms of employment, including whether the laborer is on a formal employment contract, the duration of the contract, and the benefits provided, can affect earnings.
Some laborers may be employed on a daily wage basis, while others may have fixed monthly salaries.
Overtime and Benefits: Overtime pay, bonuses, and other benefits can contribute significantly to a laborer's total earnings.
These can vary depending on the employer and industry.
Minimum Wage: Malaysia has implemented a minimum wage policy to ensure that all workers, including foreign laborers, receive a minimum level of compensation.
The minimum wage varies by region and sector, so it's essential for laborers to be aware of the prevailing rates in their specific area and industry.
Working Conditions: Working conditions, such as the number of working hours, safety standards, and accommodation provided by the employer, can also affect earnings indirectly by impacting job satisfaction and overall well-being.
Legal Status: It's crucial to note that the wages and working conditions of foreign laborers in Malaysia are subject to government regulations and labor laws.
Employers are expected to adhere to these regulations, and laborers have certain rights and protections under Malaysian law.
Given the wide range of factors influencing earnings, it is challenging to provide a specific figure for the earnings of Indian laborers in Malaysia.
Earnings can vary significantly from one individual to another and from one job to another.
Laborers are advised to seek employment through legal channels, be aware of their rights, and ensure that they are paid in accordance with Malaysian labor laws and industry standards.
Consulting with relevant labor authorities or organizations can also provide guidance on fair wages and employment conditions.
Average monthly wage of Indians in Malaysia
Average monthly wage for foreign laborers in Malaysia, including Indian laborers, could vary widely depending on factors like location, type of work, and skill level.
However, as a rough estimate, foreign laborers often earned in the range of:
Unskilled or manual labor: Between RM 1,000 to RM 2,500 per month. Some may earn less, particularly in rural areas.Skilled labor or those in specialized trades: Between RM 2,500 to RM 4,000 or more per month.
It's essential to consider that many foreign laborers work under different employment arrangements, such as daily wages, piece-rate, or contractual work, which can impact their overall monthly income.
Official sources, such as the Malaysian government's labor department or labor rights organizations can provide specific data and guidance based on the latest regulations and market conditions.
We read somewhere an average salary in Malaysia in 6000 RM per month, so why this is less than average salary
The figure you mentioned, an average salary in Malaysia of RM 6,000 per month, likely refers to the average income for the entire Malaysian workforce, which includes individuals in various professions, industries, and skill levels.
The average salary can be influenced by higher-income positions in sectors such as finance, technology, and management, which tend to have higher wages.
On the other hand, the range I provided earlier for foreign laborers, including Indian laborers, reflects wages that are generally lower because they often work in manual labor and unskilled positions.
These positions typically have lower wage levels compared to skilled or professional roles.
Additionally, foreign laborers may face challenges such as limited job opportunities, contractual labor arrangements, and less favorable working conditions, all of which can impact their earnings.
It's important to distinguish between the average income for the entire Malaysian workforce, which encompasses a wide range of professions and income levels, and the earnings of specific groups, such as foreign laborers, who may earn less due to the nature of the work and their employment circumstances.
The average income figure for the general Malaysian population provides an overview of income distribution across various sectors and industries, while the wages of foreign laborers represent a specific segment of the workforce with different employment dynamics and wage structures.
Do Indians need work visa for working in Malaysia
Yes, Indian citizens generally need a work visa or employment pass to legally work in Malaysia.
Malaysia has specific regulations governing the employment of foreign nationals, including Indians, and obtaining the appropriate work authorization is a crucial step in securing employment in the country.
The type of work visa or employment pass required may vary depending on factors such as the nature of the job, the duration of employment, and the individual's qualifications.
Here are some common types of work visas and employment passes in Malaysia:
Employment Pass (Category I, II, or III): The Employment Pass is typically required for professionals, skilled workers, and managers.
The category of the pass depends on the salary level and qualifications of the foreign worker.
Employment Pass Category I is for high-skilled professionals, Category II is for skilled workers, and Category III is for foreign domestic helpers.
Temporary Employment Pass: This pass is often used for shorter-term employment arrangements, and it is subject to specific requirements and conditions.
Professional Visit Pass (PVP): The PVP is for foreign professionals who intend to work on a short-term basis in Malaysia.
It is typically granted for specific projects or assignments.
Dependent Pass: If an Indian citizen is accompanying a family member with a valid Employment Pass, they can apply for a Dependent Pass, which allows them to reside in Malaysia and seek employment.
Long-Term Social Visit Visa (LTSVP): While not a work visa, the LTSVP allows foreign spouses of Malaysian citizens to stay in the country and seek employment, subject to certain conditions.
It's important to note that the application process for work visas and employment passes in Malaysia can be complex and may require the sponsorship of an employer.
Employers often need to demonstrate that they have tried to hire locally before hiring foreign workers.
To work legally in Malaysia, Indian citizens should work with their prospective employers to navigate the visa application process, meet the necessary requirements, and obtain the appropriate work authorization from the Malaysian authorities.
Additionally, they should ensure that their employment arrangements comply with Malaysian labor laws and regulations.
Do Indians give preference to Malaysia over Middle East countries, Europe and America
The decision of whether to seek employment or migrate to Malaysia versus other regions like the Middle East, Europe, or America depends on a wide range of individual factors, including personal goals, career prospects, family circumstances, and preferences.
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as different individuals may prioritize different aspects when making such decisions.
Here are some factors that individuals, including Indians, might consider when choosing a destination for employment or migration:
Job Opportunities and Industry: The availability of job opportunities in a specific industry or field can be a significant factor.
Some individuals may have skills or qualifications that are in demand in certain countries or regions, influencing their choice.
Economic Conditions: Economic factors, such as wage levels, cost of living, and the overall economic stability of a country, can influence decisions.
Some regions may offer higher salaries and better living standards, while others may have lower costs of living.
Quality of Life: Personal preferences for lifestyle, climate, culture, and quality of life can play a crucial role.
Some people may be drawn to specific countries due to the lifestyle they offer or the cultural affinity they feel.
Education and Healthcare: Individuals with families may prioritize access to quality education and healthcare services for their children, which can vary by country.
Language: Language proficiency can be a deciding factor.
Some individuals may prefer countries where they are fluent in the local language or where English is widely spoken.
Immigration Policies: Immigration policies, including ease of obtaining work visas and potential pathways to permanent residency or citizenship, can influence decisions.
Safety and Security: Perceptions of safety and political stability in a country may affect the decision to migrate or work there.
Long-Term Goals: Long-term career goals, such as gaining international experience, advancing in a specific industry, or pursuing higher education, can shape choices.
Family and Social Connections: The presence of family members or social connections in a particular region can be a significant factor, as it can provide a support network.
Global Mobility: Some individuals may prioritize countries that offer opportunities for global travel and mobility.
People make decisions based on their unique circumstances and priorities.
While some Indians may prefer working in Malaysia due to its cultural proximity, economic opportunities, or other reasons, others may prioritize different regions like the Middle East, Europe, or America.
Ultimately, the choice of destination depends on individual goals and circumstances, and what may be a preferred choice for one person may not necessarily be the same for another.
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